List of utensil material and comparison

1

Paper

1. stain

2. Fluorescent Whitening Agent

3. Polychlorinated Biphenyls

4. Heavy metal

1. soft material

2. ecological problems

3. cheap price

2

Glass

1. heavy metal included

2. alkali

1. fragile

2. high price

3

Ceramic

 Heavy metal, lead, cadmium

1. fragile

2. high price

4

Enamel

 Heavy metal, lead, cadmium

1. fragile

2. high price

5

Metal

Lead, tin

1. high price

 Thermosetting Plastic

6

PF

1. phenol

2. formaldehyde

1. ecological problems

    exist; not recyclable

    material.

2. PP material is breakable.

3. normal price

7

UF

8

MF

Thermoplastic

9

PVC(Polyvinyl chloride resin)

1.Polyvinyl, Polystyrene, Polypropylene,

   Vinyldlene chloride resin, VCM,

   VDCM.

2. Solution, stabilizer, stain, Release Agent.

3. BHT (Dibutyl Hydroxy toluene)

1. normal price

2. due to no pore on the

    surface, easy to be

    cleaned.

10

PE (Polypropylene)

11

Polypropylene

12

Polystyrene

13

Vinyldlene chloride resin

14

Polypropylene

15

Vinyl acetate resin

16

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

Volume of water consumption

No

3 sets of faucet

20L x 3 tubs = 60L / a minute

1 set of faucet : 20L / a minute

Cost

Place-setting

1200 / a day

$1.8 per place-setting

Place-setting: 1200 / a day

$2 per place-setting

Place-setting: 1200 / a day

$2.3 per place-setting

Garbage (waste) fee

0.2kg / per place-setting x 1200= 240 kg.

Waste fee per place-setting – $3.94 ;

Total fee is $945.6, thus $0.78 per place-

setting

No

No

Hepatitis A or B -

No

Possible

Through cleaning-up of 3-tank

and 4-function dishwasher, the

dishes are cleaned under 85°C

hot water for 2 minutes and

disinfected through 110°C

infrared for 1.5 hours. So the

risk of infection won’t exist.

Safety of utensils

1. the surface is wax-treated; toxic

   elements will be liberated under over

     65°C temperature condition.

2. plastic membrane is smeared on the

    surface.

Using melamine utensils mostly; fragile; pores are on

the surface, so hard to be cleaned.

Mostly made of anti-high

temperature PP material or

ceramics. Few pore is on the

surface, the rate of plate

damage is lower.

Sanitation condition

Normal

Bad

Good

Points of view of customers

Bad

Normal

Good

Comparison with appearance and material

＊Merit：

 a. lighter

＊Defects：

a. wax on the surface

b. might cause damage to

    environment

c. plenty of residual of blanching

    water occurs after paper

    utensils have been produced.

d. cannot bear heavy food or

    dish because of its light

    material.

＊Merit：

a. looks elegant.

b. won’t be softened.

＊Defects：

a. dye contains lead, it might

    cause damage to health for

    long-tern use. (except white

    plates)

b. heavier

＊Merit：

a. lighter

b. cheaper than ceramic

＊Defects：

a. fragile

b. might cause damage to

    environment, not recyclable,

    cannot be dissolved even after

    hundreds of years.

c. porcelain enamel on the

    surface might collapse after

    long-term use so residual

    won’t be easily washed

    away from the tiny holes.

＊Merit：

a. lighter

b. wasted plates are recyclable.

    There are recycling centers for

     purchasing them. Re-used

     material can be re-produced

     as sub-degree plastic.

c. cheaper than ceramic.

d. color won’t fade, neither

    will dye.

e. can be used in microwave,

    high-temperature resistant

f. hard to be broken, more

   durable.

g. due to few pores, easy to

    becleaned.

＊Defects：

Price is higher than paper

utensils’.

Rate of losses

1st.

Paper utensils are wasted just

once. The reason is paper bowls

or plates cannot be washed. And

trees grow for decades, the value

vanishes only in few minutes.

That not only wastes social cost,

but causes damage to

environment.

2nd.

Ceramic utensils are fragile, not

recyclable, and expensive so not

suitable for factory restaurants.

3rd.

Melamine plates are cast from

mold of die casting. The material

feature is – cannot bear great

collision. Thus when the dishes

are stacked for cleaning, losses of

plates are inevitable indeed.

4th.

PP material is more durable,

resistant to collision, so the

losses are much lower.

Cost

4th.

It’s easy to make thin utensils,

thus the cost is low.

1st.

Producing process is

complicated, so the cost is

higher.

3rd.

The material has been used for a

long time, and easy to get the

source; composition is not

complicated like pp material.

2nd.

Innovative material – not

commonly used in Taiwan, so

the cost is higher.

Note

Suitable for street vendors

Suitable for family’s use or 5-

star hotel

Suitable for general restaurants’

use

Suitable for family, factory, or

school restaurants’ use.

Our company can offer this kind

of utensils.

Technological Inspection on Residual ：

1.      Amylum-Inspection – inspected by Iodine, if the color goes blue, it means starch still remains on the utensils.

2.      Adipose-Inspection – inspect by Sudan IV liquid, if the color goes red, it means Adipose still remains.

3.      Protein-Inspection – inspect by Ninhydrin liquid, if the color goes purple, it means protein still remains.